The history is such that they were called the Ryukyu Islands and until recent past were independent, paying tribute to both China and Japan. They had their own language (which you'll still find remnants of in the language) and monarchy until Japan seized them for their own. The islands are now very Japanese and the original language has been all but stamped out. A few of my great Aunts had the ability to speak it but even from them, I rarely hear it now. And they are the last of that generation - my oldest Aunt happens to be a very healthy 107 years old.
The half Chinese/half Japaneseness carries over to their traditional foods. Okinawa soba which is somewhere between an Udon noodle and ramen, lots of Pork in their dishes, and a love for bittermelon. Bittermelon is called Goya and you'll find hundreds of variations on goya stirfry and salads. They also make a fried "donut hole" called Andagi which when done well is delicious. A crisp brown crust opening up to yellow cakey interior.
Here are some pics from Machigua - Naha's market.

The local firewater is somethihng called Awamori. Its made from rice like sake but much rougher, stronger flavor, and more potent. This in particular is Habushu - habu is the name for Okinawa's indigenous snakes, which they often use in a type of Awamori. Sort of, Okinawa's answer to Tequila.

Fresh lobster which they will be more than happy to cook for you on the second floor of the market.


Fresh fish too.

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